By Dr. Aldo Moran, Market Medical Director, Flagship Health

As we age, our immune system naturally weakens, making us more vulnerable to certain infections and their complications. For seniors, staying healthy isn’t just about good nutrition and regular exercise—it also means staying up to date on essential vaccinations. Vaccines can prevent serious illnesses, reduce hospitalizations, and even save lives.

Yet, many older adults remain unaware of which vaccines are most important or why. At Flagship Health, we believe in empowering our senior population with the knowledge and tools they need to live their healthiest lives. In this article, we’ll explore which vaccines are most important for seniors, how they work, when to get them, and what you can do to stay protected.

Why Vaccinations Matter More as We Age

Vaccines are not just for children. In fact, they play a vital role in senior health. As we grow older, our immune response to infections and vaccines diminishes—a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This makes it harder for the body to fight off viruses and bacteria effectively, and when infections do occur, they tend to be more severe and last longer.

Older adults are also more likely to suffer from chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and lung disorders, which can further increase the risk of complications from common infections like the flu or shingles. Vaccines help reduce these risks significantly and can contribute to overall well-being and independence.

The Core Vaccines Every Senior Should Consider

There are several vaccines that I recommend specifically for adults aged 65 and older. Each one targets a different health threat, and together, they form a powerful shield against preventable illness.

1. Influenza (Flu) Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Seasonal influenza, a highly contagious respiratory illness. 
  • Why it’s important for seniors: The flu is especially dangerous for older adults. According to the CDC, seniors account for up to 70-85% of seasonal flu-related deaths and 50-70% of hospitalizations. 
  • Recommended schedule: Annually, preferably before the end of October. Seniors should ask for the high-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine, which is formulated to offer better protection for older immune systems. 

2. COVID-19 Vaccine and Boosters

  • What it protects against: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Older adults are among the most at risk for severe COVID-19, including hospitalization and death.
  • Recommended schedule: Seniors should stay up to date with the latest booster recommendations from the CDC, which may vary depending on the dominant variants and prior vaccination history. For most people, this means receiving the updated booster annually, similar to the flu vaccine.

3. Pneumococcal Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Pneumococcal disease, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in older adults. Seniors with chronic illnesses are at even higher risk.
  • Recommended schedule: The CDC now recommends a single dose of PCV20 (Prevnar 20) for most adults 65 and older who have not previously received pneumococcal vaccines. Alternatively, a PCV15 followed by PPSV23 may be used depending on individual medical history. 

4. Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Shingles, a painful skin rash caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: About 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. will develop shingles in their lifetime. The risk increases with age, and the condition can lead to long-term nerve pain (postherpetic neuralgia).
  • Recommended schedule: Two doses of the Shingrix vaccine, spaced 2 to 6 months apart, for all adults 50 and older, regardless of whether they remember having chickenpox. 

5. Tdap or Td Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough).
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Immunity from childhood tetanus and diphtheria vaccinations fades over time. Pertussis can be dangerous for adults and particularly for infants if passed along unknowingly.
  • Recommended schedule: A single dose of Tdap if not previously received, followed by a Td booster every 10 years. 

6. RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Vaccine

  • What it protects against: RSV, a common respiratory virus that can be severe in older adults. 
  • Why it’s important for seniors: RSV can lead to bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations of chronic conditions like asthma or COPD. Recent data shows that adults 60 and older are at increased risk of RSV complications.
  • Recommended schedule: The FDA approved RSV vaccines for adults 60 and over in 2023. Seniors should talk with their healthcare provider about whether RSV vaccination is appropriate based on their health status.

Additional Vaccines to Consider

While the core vaccines offer strong protection against the most common and serious infections in older adults, some seniors may benefit from additional immunizations based on individual health risks, lifestyle choices, and travel plans. Here are several important vaccines to discuss with your healthcare provider:

A. Hepatitis B Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Older adults with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or compromised immune systems are at higher risk. The virus spreads through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, which can happen during medical procedures, dialysis, or even shared personal items.
  • Recommended schedule: Three doses over six months, or a newer two-dose version given one month apart (Heplisav-B). Seniors with risk factors should confirm their hepatitis B immunity status through a simple blood test.

B. Hepatitis A Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spread through contaminated food or water.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: While generally mild in younger individuals, hepatitis A can cause severe illness in older adults. Travelers to countries with lower sanitation standards, men who have sex with men, and those with chronic liver disease are especially at risk.
  • Recommended schedule: Two doses, spaced six months apart. Combined hepatitis A and B vaccines are also available for convenience.

C. MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Vaccine

  • What it protects against: Measles, mumps, and rubella—three highly contagious viral infections with serious potential complications.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Most adults born before 1957 are presumed immune. However, those born in or after 1957 who never received the vaccine—or can’t confirm immunity—should consider getting vaccinated, especially if they’re traveling internationally or at risk of exposure.
  • Recommended schedule: One or two doses depending on previous vaccination or immunity status. A blood test can help determine whether vaccination is needed.

D. Meningococcal Vaccines

  • What they protect against: Meningococcal disease includes meningitis (inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord) and bloodstream infections, both of which can progress rapidly and be fatal.
  • Why it’s important for seniors: Though rare, older adults with specific medical conditions—like asplenia (lack of a spleen), HIV, or immune compromise—may be more susceptible. Those living in communal settings (e.g., senior living facilities) may also face increased risk.
  • Recommended schedule: The CDC recommends the MenACWY and MenB vaccines for individuals with high-risk conditions or during outbreaks. Your doctor can determine if either or both are appropriate.

E. Travel-Specific Vaccinations

  • Why they matter: If you’re planning international travel—especially to parts of Africa, Asia, or South America—additional vaccines may be necessary to protect against region-specific diseases.
  • Examples include:
    • Yellow Fever (required for entry into some countries)
    • Typhoid (spread through contaminated food/water)
    • Japanese Encephalitis (for extended stays in rural parts of Asia)
    • Rabies (for extended travel in areas with poor animal control)
  • Recommended approach: Consult with a travel medicine specialist or your primary care provider 4–6 weeks before travel to ensure enough time for full protection. Additionally, the CDC provides a website tool for international travelers to check vaccine requirements and recommendations based on their destination.

Overcoming Common Concerns About Vaccines

It’s natural to have questions about vaccines, especially with so many available. Here are a few common concerns and the facts that address them:

  • “Can vaccines make me sick?”
    Most vaccines may cause mild side effects like soreness or fatigue, but serious reactions are extremely rare. Vaccines cannot cause the illnesses they protect against.
  • “Do I still need vaccines if I’m healthy?”
    Absolutely. Even healthy older adults can suffer complications from preventable diseases. Vaccination helps protect you and those around you.
  • “Can I get all these vaccines at once?”
    In many cases, yes. Some vaccines can be administered during the same visit, while others are spaced out to maximize effectiveness. Your provider will create a schedule tailored to you.

How to Talk to Your Doctor About Vaccines

Many seniors rely on their primary care provider to guide them through health decisions, but vaccination is often overlooked during regular checkups. Be proactive. At your next appointment, ask these questions:

  • “Am I up to date on all recommended vaccines?”
  • “Do I need any boosters?”
  • “Are there any vaccines specific to my health conditions?” “
  • Can I get my flu and COVID-19 shots together?”

At Flagship Health, our clinicians review vaccination records with our senior patients regularly and provide on-site or referral-based immunizations as needed.

What About Cost and Coverage?

One of the most common concerns seniors have about vaccines is whether they are covered by insurance—and the good news is, many recommended vaccines are fully covered under Medicare.

Here’s how it breaks down.

  • Medicare Part B typically covers:
    • Flu vaccine (annually)
    • COVID-19 vaccine and boosters
    • Pneumococcal vaccine (usually once)
    • Hepatitis B vaccine (if you're at higher risk)
    • Vaccines needed due to injury or direct exposure (like tetanus)
  • Medicare Part D (your prescription drug plan) usually covers:
    • Shingles (Shingrix) vaccine
    • RSV vaccine
    • Tdap or Td booster
    • Other recommended adult vaccines (like Hepatitis A, MMR, or travel-related vaccines)

💡 Tip: Most pharmacies and primary care providers can bill Medicare directly, and you may pay little to nothing out of pocket depending on your plan.

If you have private insurance or VA benefits, many of these vaccines are also covered—but it’s a good idea to check with your provider or pharmacist to confirm.

Flagship Health’s Commitment to Preventive Care

Our mission is to deliver senior-centered care that supports longevity, independence, and peace of mind. Preventive health—including timely vaccinations—is one of our top priorities.

We encourage all Flagship patients to schedule a wellness visit each year, where vaccines, screenings, and other preventive measures are reviewed in detail. This ensures you’re protected, informed, and ready to enjoy life to the fullest.

If you’re unsure where to start, our care team can help assess your immunization history and make personalized recommendations. Staying up to date on vaccinations is one of the easiest and most effective ways to safeguard your health.

Final Thoughts

Vaccines are more than just shots—they are shields that protect seniors from serious disease, loss of independence, and hospitalization. By staying current with recommended vaccinations, older adults can preserve their health, protect their loved ones, and enjoy more vibrant, active years ahead.

If you’re unsure about your vaccine status or want help planning your next steps, reach out to your Flagship Health care team. We’re here to support you every step of the way.

About Dr. Aldo Moran

Dr. Aldo Moran is the Market Medical Director for Flagship Health in San Antonio, Texas. He earned his Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine from Nova Southeastern University and completed his Internal Medicine Residency at the University of the Incarnate Word in Laredo, Texas. Before his medical career, Dr. Moran served seven years in the U.S. Army, including deployment during Operation Iraqi Freedom, where he was an infantry squad leader and the Non-Commissioned Officer in Charge of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense operations. Fluent in English and Spanish, he has been practicing since 2019, focusing on diabetes and metabolism disorders, cardiovascular disease prevention, and preventive medicine.